Simplified: HEX's Problematic Tokenomics

in #hive-1679223 years ago

Still to this day, HEX has been the epicenter of controversy. From the day it was proposed, it has received sharp criticism all along its pipeline of operation, some even leveled on Richard Heart's shady past when it came to his previous projects. This article aims to provide a near-accurate flowchart model of the tokenomics HEX is built upon, as well as to pinpoint the origin points of controversy within it.

image.png

HEX is a Certificate-of-Deposit (CD) DeFi token built upon Ethereum. Much like the legacy finance's model of CD, HEX offers stable interest rates upon the deposition of its token for a set period of time, the maximum time period being 15 years, and the minimum 1 day.

During its 351-days long launch phase, one method to obtain HEX back then was by simply pooling ETH in what is termed the Adoption Amplifier pool, which stores that ETH on a singular address on the blockchain that is not a smart contract. The other way was through a Bitcoin UTXO snapshot, where any address that owned Bitcoin at the time of that snapshot had the opportunity to claim HEX. After the launch phase was over, HEX is now solely obtainable by simply purchasing it on Uniswap.

Therefore, the entry points in the HEX tokenomics can be visualized like so:

Untitled Diagram.drawio 14.png

Immediately, the first culprit is identified. In pooling your ETH in the Adoption Amplifier, the ETH is sent to an origin address that is not a smart contract, essentially entrusting your funds, and betting that you would even be paid once the launch phase was over, to Richard Heart.

Perhaps the sharpest criticism there is is leveled at the fact that the Origin address (OA) does much more than simply hold users' ETH funds. The OA presently controls %~45 of the HEX supply, in addition to the fact that the penalties to unstaking before the agreed-upon period of time and bonuses are copied (Double-spent) by the smart contract over to that problematic address. Essentially, much more importantly than this looking like a ponzi-scheme is the fact that integrating this address in the tokenomics completely defeats any semblance of decentralized trustlessness Cryptocurrencies are known for, and this is the crux the majority of HEX's detractors are under.

Integrating the staking function into the tokenomics of HEX, with all the assorted pipelines leading to the OA, the diagram can be visualized as the following:

Untitled Diagram.drawio 15.png

It is remarkable at this point to note that HEX possesses no economic activity, no underlying value to keep itself buoyed on top and certainly no utility that could incentivize its use outside of simply staking. For as complex as the HEXicans love to play HEX's ecosystem up, the diagram above represents the brasstacks, if not the complete, tokenomics of HEX.

Bitcoin v. Hex

Richard Heart has contested Bitcoin's model of coinbase creation for as long as HEX held its head out the water. Heart proposes that the continuous minting (inflation) of bitcoin towards miners ultimately creates sell pressure, whilst HEX enables buy pressure by simply offering incentives to staking.

Now that the tokenomics have been laid out in this article, one can make the stark inference that HEX offers nothing of value, certainly nothing better than what Bitcoin already offers. The second inference, arguably the biggest flaw of the model, is that HEX's tokenomics, if we take into account that the big whales stake for >5 years, delays the consequences of inflation significantly, as people are encouraged to stake for longer periods. Richard Hearts basically admits to this flaw of the model with this website that allows you to view all the stakes, and their set period of time until maturity, in order to stake your HEX accordingly before a whale's end stake.

Conclusion

While this token represents an attempt to mirror the legacy economy's CDs, mixed in with the crazy-high APRs in cryptocurrency, it has unfortunately been executed by the wrong hands, as evident by the OA's dominant centralization at the core of HEX, in tandem with Hearts' shady past and marketing tactics. To add salt on top of the wound, HEX has had no economic utility outside of staking and accruing inflation, the consequences of which are going to be much more pronounced in the coming years, as whales begin to claim their mature CDs and sell.

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Thanks for your analysis of HEX!

I've heard talk of RH's "shady past" but have not seen any specific documentation of it. It is important to take into account any previous history of a person or organization when monetary transactions are being considered. However, even if we acknowledge some past issues, that doesn't automatically "poison the well" for everything they may do in the future. A known liar can say the sky is blue and even though they may have lied before, they are telling the truth with that statement.

I'm not sure the collected penalties are Double Spent when the OA gets its rightful share of them. Sacrificing ETH to the OA was concerning to people for sure. But how did it all turn out? Anyone can look at the HEX chart. https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/hex/ This does not mean that HEX can not go to Zero tomorrow; any crypto can. Past performance is no guarantee of future prices.

The OA does hold a large percentage of all HEX. I think the OA has not staked any of it, thereby increasing the APR for others staking it a lot.

I don't know why it is considered to be a flaw to have information on when everyone's stake will end. Seems like one can use that public information to plan on when to end their own stake if they decide to stake some HEX. Maybe they will make their stake end when not many others are ending theirs, so there is less sell pressure on the price.

Why does HEX have value? Same reason anything has value. Someone wants it and is willing to pay to get it. HEX has been around over 2 years now. People who bought or received some via the OA could have made thousands of multiples of their initial investment. In hindsight it looks good. Of course as I said, it could go down as soon as I post this, or tomorrow or next week. I can also go up, no one knows the future. However, all HEX tokens are being doubled for free during the upcoming Pulsechain hard fork of Ethereum, which should be interesting and I'll be watching to see what happens when it launches along with the PulseX Uniswap clone to allow easy trading.

This is not financial advice and I'm not recommending anything. Everyone should do their own research and verify things that they read on the internet. I wish everyone a great day!

Hello, thanks for stopping by.

I think the OA has not staked any of it

I brought the OA under scrutiny several times in this article solely because of how unnecessary it is to the tokenomics of HEX, yet having it there anyway instills a ton of distrust towards HEX, as it completely defeats the philosophy of decentralization.

You are absolutely right. The OA exists to hold HEX and to increase the APR. Given this information, then the HEX can be simply sent to another contract address, preferably with a significant timelock period in order to prevent code changes, to effectively establish trustlessness. The OA is a burden upon HEX's adoption.

With this in mind, I've read from multiple sources that the OA 'acts in its own best interest,' which is pretty concerning, all the more so when you tie in the concept of game theory RH's been touting a lot.

I don't know why it is considered to be a flaw to have information on when everyone's stake will end.

I think I misphrased myself in regards to this point. Transparency in transactions and, in HEX's case, the end-stake times is championed. I used the word 'flaw' in regards to how HEX's model favours the delay of the consequences of inflation. Whales stake the majority of HEX's supply for long, long periods of time, which effectively leaves the price untouched, and newcomers are constantly onboarded onto HEX, resulting in unchallenged price appreciation. When the whale's stakes are up, would the only logical next step for them not be to sell? Naturally, a bloodbath would ensue, and the price would plummet.

Penalties are not double-spent

It is mentioned in the chart that penalties are split in half, going to the payout pool and the other the OA. I forgot to sync that fact in writing with my charts it seems. But bonuses are indeed copied over to the OA everytime the user invokes the unstake function at full maturity.

Regarding RH's past and the value of HEX, you are absolutely right. RH's past can't be gauged accurately because little I believe is known of that, and the value of HEX is propped up, in my opinion, by thin air and a hint of speculation.

Thanks for your excellent reply!

When the whale's stakes are up, would the only logical next step for them not be to sell?

There's a new project coming on Pulsechain called LiquidLoans, which I believe is a fork of an existing thing called Liquidy. Supposedly one can obtain a 0% loan with an indefinite payback period. People talk about getting a loan on their HEX through this site so they do not have to sell it.

(EDIT!!! I looked at the Liquid Loans site and it only talks about using PLS as collateral for a loan. But I thought I saw a video referring to this being good for HEX somehow. However now I'm not sure about this, and will have to do more research.)

Supposedly selling a crypto asset incurs a large "tax event" in certain cases, so never selling but taking a loan may be attractive. This isn't launched yet, as neither is Pulsechain, but there are lots of videos on the matter at YouTube.

Here's the site: https://liquidloans.io/

In the end, everyone should realize that crypto is risky and these projects we are writing about here may be riskier than others. People should be skeptical and as the saying goes - never invest more than you can afford to lose!

PulseChain is actually a project I'm heavily interested in. The airdrops it offers are really an appealing thing, and I'm looking forward to it. I think the loans can be collateralized by different tokens, not just PLS. Thinking about it, if the only possible way to collateralize the loans is through PLS, this could end up being beneficial to its price appreciation. The sizable tax events you speak of reinforces this idea.

Crypto is risky, sure, but that's just part of the thrill of the possibility of making it all or losing it all. Throw your dies and hope for the best.

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